Imagen Ilustrativa Imagen Ilustrativa Ivan Alvarado / Reuters

Preocupación profunda por la situación de libertad de expresión en Guatemala

Pronunciamiento de periodistas, columnistas, escritores, asociaciones, radios comunitarias y comunicadores sociales en defensa de la libertad de expresión.

El martes 15 de septiembre de 2020, en su mensaje a las y los guatemaltecos por las fiestas patrias, el presidente Alejandro Giammattei ponderó la libertad de expresión y dijo que esta conllevaba una responsabilidad muy grande y debía tomarse con seriedad. Recordamos al gobernante que los funcionarios públicos son los primeros llamados a actuar en forma responsable y seria, ante su obligación de garantizar libertades y derechos tan preciados para la democracia, como los de expresión y prensa. Sin embargo, a más de ocho meses de la nueva administración de gobierno, es muy preocupante la situación de libertad de expresión en Guatemala.

1.  Para finales de julio de 2020, la Fiscalía de delitos contra periodistas del Ministerio Público de Guatemala había recibido 60 denuncias por distintos actos de violencia en contra de quienes ejercen el periodismo en el país. Esta cifra no refleja el número real de agresiones, pues muchos casos no llegan al Ministerio Público. Entre las denuncias pueden encontrase casos de amenazas, coacción, lesiones, robo agravado, retención de información y abuso de autoridad, configurando un panorama de mucho riesgo para el ejercicio de la libertad de prensa en Guatemala.

2.   Uno de los tipos de agresión menos denunciado, pero que sucede y es muy visible durante esta administración de gobierno, es la criminalización de periodistas y la amenaza de usar el derecho penal en su contra, lo cual, como indica la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, “genera un efecto de amedrentamiento que limita la libertad de expresión”. Citamos como ejemplo el caso del periodista sololateco Francisco Chox, encarcelado en junio, falsamente inculpado de tenencia de pertrechos, cargo finalmente desestimado por un juez. Además, el caso más reciente del periodista quichelense Marlon Chitop, citado a un tribunal el 22 de septiembre próximo y demandado por calumnia y difamación, luego de haberse negado a retirar una publicación fundamentada del medio para el cual labora. Penosamente, las más altas autoridades del Ejecutivo se cuentan entre quienes acuden a la criminalización en Guatemala como una forma de coartar la libre expresión. Entre los casos sucedidos en septiembre, se cuenta el de periodistas de Plaza Pública, a quienes, según indicó en un comunicado público el jefe del Centro de Gobierno de Guatemala, Miguel Martínez, sus familiares demandarían por “amenaza, acoso y extorsión”, luego de que intentaran realizar un perfil periodístico de este funcionario público. Además, el del periodista Sonny Figueroa, falsamente inculpado de cohecho activo por un policía nacional civil, delito desestimado por un juez, luego de que coincidentemente publicara una pieza informativa sobre el mismo personaje. A partir de estos casos, en vez de afirmar un compromiso genuino con la libertad de expresión, el presidente Giammattei ha recrudecido su discurso descalificador contra periodistas y medios, como lo ha mostrado este mismo 15 de septiembre, al sugerir que son estos los que faltan a la verdad.

3.  La vigilancia, el seguimiento y el acoso a la prensa por parte del Gobierno se han hecho notorios junto a la presencia de funcionarios públicos como Danny Estrada Fajardo, oficial

de la División de Protección a personalidades, quien, en actuaciones completamente contrarias a sus obligaciones, ha hostigado a los periodistas Marvin Del Cid y Sonny Figueroa y ha fotografiado a reporteras y reporteros en la Torre de Tribunales, hechos que están documentados. También persisten el hostigamiento y la intimidación a periodistas desde cuentas falsas en las redes sociales, práctica constante en los últimos gobiernos en Guatemala y que refleja la continuidad de una política represiva durante este Gobierno.

4.  Mientras continúan los ataques a la prensa y pese al cambio de cabeza en la Secretaría de Comunicación Social de la Presidencia, recrudece el cierre de fuentes informativas en el Ejecutivo, que no responde a solicitudes de información y de entrevistas a funcionarios del gabinete, haciendo de esta administración de gobierno una de las más opacas de los últimos tiempos. Al igual que los gobiernos anteriores, también es notoria la práctica de las autoridades del Ejecutivo de acudir únicamente a los medios oficialistas y del monopolio de facto de la familia González para sus actividades de comunicación social, pues estos reproducen sus discursos sin cuestionarlos, acciones que van en detrimento del derecho de recibir información de calidad.

5.   A este panorama de agresiones y limitaciones se une el de la creciente percepción de impunidad. Según estudios recientes, nueve de cada diez periodistas en Guatemala opinan que los casos judiciales por agresiones en su contra no serán resueltos. Datos del Ministerio Público indican que entre el uno de enero de 2015 y el 30 de julio de 2020 solo se han logrado salidas favorables en menos de un 8% de los casos presentados a la fiscalía especializada.

6.   Junto a lo anterior, hacemos notar que la administración presidida por Giammattei ha incumplido la promesa hecha en enero de 2020 de crear el Programa de protección a periodistas, lo que también refleja su escaso compromiso de garantizar las libertades de expresión y de prensa.

Expuesto lo anterior, las y los abajo firmantes expresamos nuestro compromiso de mantenernos alertas ante las expresiones de un gobierno que ha mostrado su rostro antidemocrático y de no cesar en la defensa y ejercicio de las libertades mencionadas, pese a las agresiones recibidas.

Guatemala, 15 de septiembre de 2020.

 

Firmantes:

Asociación Centro Civitas

Asociación Artículo 35

Asociación de Periodistas de Guatemala (APG)

Asociación de Prensa Quezalteca (APQ)

Asociación Feminista La Cuerda

Prensa Comunitaria

Federación de Escuelas Radiofónicas (FGER)

Sedem

Unidad de Defensoras y Defensores de Derechos Humanos de Guatemala (UDEFEGUA)

Red de Periodistas del Noticiero Maya K´at

Red de comunicadoras indígenas

Jun Na´oj

Factor 4

Revista cultural Azacuán

Revista Ruda, mujeres + territorios Barrancópolis

Proyecto Aliadas, mujeres periodistas de Quetzaltenango

Radio comunitaria Naköj

Radio comunitaria Ixchel

Radio comunitaria Xilotepeq

Radio comunitaria Sinakan

Radio comunitaria Máxima

Radio comunitaria Xyaab´ Tzuulq´a

Radio comunitaria Nan Pix

Radio comunitaria Snuq Jolom Konob

Radio comunitaria Bendición

Radio comunitaria Tonekita

Radio comunitaria San Juan

Radio comunitaria Ipalteka

Radio comunitaria Lobo

Radio comunitaria Jun Toj

Radio comunitaria Expresiva

Radio comunitaria Nimlajacoc

Asociación de Radios Comunitarias de Guatemala

Movimiento Nacional de Radios Comunitarias

Periodista Marvin Del Cid

Periodista Pia Flores

Periodista Javier Estrada

Periodista Oswaldo Hernández

Periodista Haroldo Sánchez

Periodista Carolina Leverón

Periodista Denis Aguilar

Periodista Francelia Solano

Periodista Verónica Orantes

Periodista Emiliano Castro

Periodista Elsa Coronado

Unidos contra la Corrupción, Vicente Carrera

Periodista Jody García

Periodista Haroldo Shetemul

Periodista Marielos Monzón

Periodista Jessica Gramajo

Periodista Alejandra Gutiérrez

Periodista Andina Ayala

Periodista Diego Silva

Periodista Miguel Ángel González Moraga

Periodista Andrea Carrillo

Columnista Silvia Trujillo

Periodista Angel Mazariegos Rivas

Periodista Carlos Morales

Periodista Rosario Orellana

Periodista Sonny Figueroa

Periodista Julie López

Periodista Ben Kei Chin

Periodista Carolina Gamazo

Periodista Gladys Olmstead

Periodista Paola Hurtado

Fotoperiodista Sandra Sebastián

Periodista Héctor Chinchilla

Periodista Carmen Quintela Babio

Periodista José David López Vicente

Escritor Julio Serrano Echeverría

Periodista Alejandro García Estrada

Periodista Cindy Espina

Columnista Carolina Escobar Sarti

Periodista Bill Barreto

Fotoperiodista Edwin Bercián

Periodista Gustavo Méndez

Periodista Esteban Biba

Periodista Miguel Ángel Albizúres

Periodista Mariajosé España

Periodista Daniel Villatoro

Periodista Shirlie Rodríguez

Periodista Pilar Salazar Argueta

Periodista Pavel Vega

Periodista Evelyn Boche

Periodista Iduvina Hernández Batres

Periodista José Agripino Sian Sente

Periodista Elsa Amanda Chiquitó Rucal

Periodista Ricardo Marroquín

Periodista Andrea Godínez

Periodista Lourdes Álvarez Nájera

Columnista Álvaro Montenegro

Columnista Carolina Vásquez Araya

Periodista Rosalinda Hernández Alarcón

Periodista Eric Salazar Monzón

Columnista Ricardo Barrientos

Escritora y columnista Anabella Giracca

Periodista Nancy Arroyave

Columnista Brenda Lemus

Periodista Asier Andrés

Periodista César Amílcar Cruz

Escritor y caricaturista José Manuel Alarcón (Filóchofo)

Columnista Manfredo Marroquín

Periodista Diego López

Periodista Froilán Rodríguez

Periodista Helmut de León

Periodista Carlos Vásquez

Periodista Édgar López

Periodista Allan Cardona

Periodista Henry López

Periodista Ranfery García

Periodista Carlos González

Periodista Carlos Matul

Periodista Marvin Quijivix

Periodista Leonel Rodas

Periodista Fernando Gómez

Periodista Édgar  Celada

Ana Margarita Castillo

Eleonora Muralles

Columnista Jorge Morales Toj

Periodista Enrique Naveda

Periodista Evelyn Blanck

Columnista Karin Slowing Umaña

Convergencia por los Derechos Humanos

Familiares y Amigos contra la Delincuencia y el Secuestro (FADS)

Columnista Gabriel Wer

Periodista Ferdy Montepeque

Plataforma Social del Poder Ciudadano

Periodista Stef Arreaga

Periodista y escritora Ana María Rodas

Sandra Muralles

Foto periodista Oliver de Ros

Otilia Lux de Cotí

Columnista Nery Villatoro R.

Periodista y columnista Víctor Ferrigno

Periodista Pedro Ferrigno

Periodista Eslly Melgar

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